1930: Naval disarmament treaty is signed by the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan.The "Scopes Monkey Trial" symbolizes a widening divisions between rural and urban America, and though the court decides in favor of the state, it is clear that the historical tide is turning against the old agrarian order symbolized by Bryan. There follows a highly publicized trial at which famed attorney Clarence Darrow represents the defense, while the aging Democratic populist William Jennings Bryan argues for the state. Scopes is fined for teaching evolution in a public school. The resulting Teapot Dome scandal clouds the administration of President Warren G. Navy oil reserves at Teapot Dome, Wyoming. Doheny, is charged with conspiracy and bribery in making fraudulent leases of U.S. Fall, along with oil company executives Harry Sinclair and Edward L. 1924: In the United States, Secretary of the Interior Albert B.1923: Notable musical works of the year include George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue and various songs by Bessie Smith and Jelly Roll Morton.Eliot's poem The Waste Land will transform literature and inaugurate the era of modernism. 1922: Published this year James Joyce's novel Ulysses and T.Despite numerous protests from around the world, they will be executed six years later. case, Italian-born anarchists Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti are tried and convicted of armed robbery and murder. Raids are also used for the purpose of rooting out and deporting illegal aliens. Department of Justice launches a campaign to track down and deport communists, anarchists, and other radicals, as well as those suspecting of being left-leaning revolutionaries. 1919: With the formation of the Third International (Comintern), the Bolshevik government of Russia establishes its control over communist movements worldwide.Over the next two years, it will kill nearly 20 million people-more than the war itself. ![]() 1918: Influenza, carried to the furthest corners by returning soldiers, spreads throughout the globe.1913: In New York and Boston, striking garment workers win a pay raise and shorter hours.1908: Ford Motor Company introduces the Model T.In various combinations the American Plan incorporated scientific and personnel management, welfare measures, and outright repression to control the work place, increase productivity, and prevent unionization. ![]() ![]() To keep an open shop in the 1920s, employers undertook a series of measures that came to be known as the American Plan. Using the Red Scare and Palmer Raids as evidence that labor unions were radical and un-American, employers declared that a workplace free from unions-the "open shop"-was the best way to ensure the country's stability and prosperity. At war's end, however, employers reasserted their power to dismantle the WLB and begin a new round of attacks on organized labor. During World War I, Progressive Era labor reforms reached a peak with the establishment of the War Labor Board (WLB) and President Woodrow Wilson's support for collective bargaining.
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